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Puritan theology is kind of a version of Calvinism. Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of puritans. The American puritans accept the doctrines and practices of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. It also declares that solely out of his mercy, God selects or predestines certain persons to be saved in spite of their sins. But due to the grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical. American Puritanism is so much a part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenets. “Puritan” is a name derived from the Latin word means “pure”. In practice terms, in 1620, a tremendous of puritans sailed on the Mayflower for New England. Then these English Puritans settled in North America, mainly in New England. They founded colonies and lived in their own ways of life in America. The history of the Puritans can be traced back to the first Vestments Controversy in the reign of Edward Ⅵ, the formation of an identifiable Puritan movement in the 1560s and ends in a decline in the mid-18th century. It is a complex evolution, with the situation of the Puritans as a religious group in England changing almost decade by decade, as a consequence both of political shifts in their relationship to the state and the Church of England, and of changing views of Puritans, both clergy and laity. It can not easily summarised, since the dramatic events of the 1640s, sometimes called the Puritan Revolution, have complex roots, any more than the term "Puritan" can be given a useful and precise definition outside the particular historical context. The Puritan's main purpose was to purify the Church of England and to make England a more religious country. Except that, the puritans emphasis on simplicity of worship, stress on religious earnestness, focus on austerity and self-denial, devoted to work and popular education, concern for spiritual condition, pursuit for high standards of morality. In the early 17th century, Puritans were generally members of the Church of England who believed the Church of England was insufficiently reformed and who therefore opposed royal ecclesiastical policy under Elizabeth I of England, James I of England, and Charles I of England. Most Puritans were "non-separating Puritans", meaning they did not advocate setting up separate congregations that distinct from the Church of England; a small minority of Puritans were "separating Puritans" who advocated setting up congregations outside the Church. One Separatist group, the Pilgrims, established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Non-separating Puritans played leading roles in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and the Connecticut Colony in 1636. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was established by settlers expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to their unorthodox religious opinions. Puritans were also active in New Hampshire before it became a crown colony in 1691. Most Puritans who migrated to North America came in the decade 1630-1640 in what is known as the Great Migration. Puritanism, at its inception, was only a religious reform movement that developed within the English Protestant Church. They were never intended to be a distinct faith. The Puritans comprised a group of Christian men and women, wishing to abide by the tenets of the Bible, in order to shape their lives in accordance to the will of God. They believed that they were the "chosen people of God", who were responsible for creating a perfect, utopian society, where there would be no scope for discontent or rebellion. Puritanism was a religious movement in the 16th and 17th centuries, wherein a faction of English Protestants revolted against the teachings of their traditional Church, and set out to purify it off the remnants of the age-old Roman Catholic teachings and practices. One of the most striking features of this movement was that it was largely influenced by those who proclaimed themselves as "godly" or "religious professors". However, they were "hypocrites" for their opponents, who did not believe in their ideology of purifying the sacred teachings of the Church. The name 'Puritans', which was given to them by their opponents, eventually became popular, and went on to become their official identity. The movement began in 16th century England, when some major groups displayed anti-Roman Catholic sentiments. Because of their conflicting principles with the orthodox Church of England (based on orthodox Roman Catholic teachings), the Puritans had to emigrate to New England, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Wales. They were staunch believers of the Holy Bible, and followed its doctrines as guidelines for leading a pious life. They were also strong believers of Calvinism, which loosely preaches that the consequences of our actions in the mortal world decide the fate of our souls, which could be subjected to either damnation or salvation. Their main principles relied on the ideas of free-will and sanctity of the human soul.
