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【题目要求】
100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?
【点评一】
本题是2009年5月21日的话题，属于抽象类话题。抽象类话题看似难写，实际上只要转换成具体话题就容易手了。进步的领域：科技，教育。仍需改进的领域：环保，犯罪，人口老龄化，动物保护，文化语言保护。本题几乎无所不包，雅思写作题库中几乎所有话题都能用于本题。
【点评二】
题目 Some people think the human race has made continual progress in all areas of life, while others believe that there is less certainty about this. What areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we have not developed?
一些人认为人类在各方面已经取得了不断的进步，而另外一些人认为并非如此。人类在哪些领域取得了进步？哪些领域没有取得发展？
开头段 How to make a better life never fails to capture people’s attention throughout much of the human history ,which serves as a catalyst for the continuing development in every aspect of life. Some people, however, believe that the so called “development” cannot be regarded as real progress.
中间段1 回答第一问：人类在哪些领域取得了进步？ 1. 众所周知，几个世纪以来，人类一直致力于通过发展科技来改善生存环境。
It is commonly believed that human beings have been striking for improving living conditions by evolving science and technology for many centuries.
【论证示范】
Due to the convenient transportation system, citizens in China are able to enjoy fresh American lemons which were once not available to Chinese or people in many other counties. Communication modes mainly relied on writing letters in the past also witnessed a significantly transformation with the advent of internet, making friends or families enable to contact each other instantly by their computers or tablets.2.其次，与过去相比，人类在医学领域取得了许多突破。
Furthermore, compared with the past , there are many breakthroughs having been achieved in medical care.
中间段2 回答第二问：哪些领域没有取得发展？ 1. 污染，全球变暖，物种灭绝等环境问题已经成为很多国家头痛的问题，它们经常会陷于经济发展和生态平衡的困境中。
Environmental problems in terms of pollutions, global warming ,species extinction and so forth, have been a great headache to most nations who always trap into a dilemma between economic development and ecological balance. 2.各个种族和宗教间的武装冲突是一个持续性的问题，这对世界的和平与和谐造成了威胁。
Arm conflict among various races and religions is another endless problem posing a large threat to world peace and harmony.
结尾段 To sum up, although a lack of knowledge concerning how to control human desire seems to be a big handicap to human civilization, it should be admitted that we have made a great progress in many fields , and the advancement is expected to continue.
文中词汇使用灵活，学术词汇使用较丰富；作者有一定功底，可在平时练习中增加长难句的记忆；语言不流畅；连词使用偏少。
Nowadays, Symbolism is an object or reference which can make a big difference to a story. Otherwise, just like what Kennedy and Gioia defined the concept of symbolism as a visible object or action that suggests some further meaning in addition to itself. Symbolism in literature can be subtle or obvious, used sparingly or heavy-handedly. The author may repeatedly use the same object to convey deeper meaning or may use variations of the same object to create an inexpressible mood or feeling. Symbolism is often used to support a literary theme in a subtler manner. In other words, symbolism usually is applied to express an abstract concept that not only involves with a certain object but also deals with the further meaning in a firm condition. Sometimes it is not proper to define that the literary represent visible object. Symbolism is an important literary value of this novel, and the symbolism can be seen everywhere in A Farewell to Arms. This is one successful point of this novel. Symbolism is not very easy to understand as it is abstract, but when you put it in the vivid description in the novel, it will change to the other side. In symbolism the meaning behind the surface meaning is elusive and cannot be translated into other terms. Many writers use symbolism as a rhetorical device central to the meaning of their works. As we have talked about symbolism, we may observe some common points. First, the story itself usually furnish a clue that a detail is to be taken symbolically. Second, the meaning of a literary symbol must be established and supported by the entire context of the story. For example, when someone say love to you with a rose, the rose stands for the abstract love. Third, to be called a symbol, an item should suggest a meaning different in kind from its literal meaning: a symbol is something more than the representative of a class of type. Huang Chengzhou once concluded that “A symbol may have more than one meaning. It may suggest lots of meaning. At its most effective a symbol id like a many-faced jewel: it flashes different colors when turned in the light. The area of possible meanings is always controlled by the context.” (Huang Chengzhou,2000) According to the above basic standards, as well as by means of paying close attention to the relationships between conflicts, characters, settings, opinions and tones. As for Hemingway, a lot of critics consider Hemingway to be“a symbolism the authorand he should rank with Ellen and Melville”(online) all who depicted a symbol of the inner world. But there are also many researchers holding opposite views on this, some people say that they don not like to see Hemingway as symbolism the authorwho appears in the new literary history, and claim that“Hemingway is a great realism stably in the excellent writings”(online). There are two different opinions about symbolism in the study of Hemingway. In a word, all the features are incisively and vividly reflected in A Farewell to Arms by Hemingway. The use of symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is artful and intentional. Hemingway made use of nature to imply the fate of the characters. All the factors strengthen the anti-war and tragedy-love theme.
