2013年专四作文真题附范文:节约花钱

文章用词灵活多样，高级词汇使用也比较准确；文章衔接手法恰当；作者句法基本功不错，可适当增加从句的使用。

With the further development of the reform and opening-up policy and economic globalization, communications between China and The United States move forward continuously. In 2005, Lou Xianyan published Views on Friendship of China and The United States, which revealed that the differences of friendship from the definition of friend, building and keeping up friendship, expectation for friends ,and explained the fundamental reason of difference is the different value of two cultures. In 2006，Lu Yan pointed out the differences of friendship of both China and The United States in five aspects like independence and interdependence, equality and hierarchy mobility and stability, the self and harmony, High Context Culture and Low Context Culture in American Friendship in the Eyes of the Chinese People. In 2007, Lu Xin and Wang Xiaofang have published the similar article A Comparative Research on Views friendship of China and The United States. The angles they considered differ from Lou Xianyan’s. They mainly focused on four perspectives like the scope of friends, firmness of friendship, different values of two cultures and different understand for responsibility of friend. In 2008, Huang Ying divided the interpersonal relationship into four types including tool type, emotional type, compound type and analyzed and contrasted the views on friendship from the angle of intimacy of friends, purpose of make friends and responsibility of being a friend. The same year, Hu Jinchan published forever friends-friends and analyzed the different views on friendship between man and woman in America. A important trait mentioned is the tolerance in American friendship. What’s more, Chu Jingli, from the perspective of cultural freedom, equality, frankness, explained the American friendship by analyzing the cultural difference happened to Friends in Cultural Difference between China and The United States in Friends written by him in 2008. Meanwhile, he also pointed out that the Chinese friendship was influenced by the Confucianism. The Chinese friendship has developed to be a face view, which became the barrier of friendship for Chinese. Moreover, American cultural individualism in “friends” written by Sun Xiaoyan showed that the core of American culture is individualism, and analyzed individual value involving individual independence, individual responsibility and esteem for others. In 2009, Xu Ke have summarized views and ways of making friends, then have drawn the differences from the perspective of collectivism and individualism. There was many detailed descriptions on the collectivism of Chinese friendship and the individualism and pragmatism of American friendship. In addition ,Xu Ke put forward several coping solutions by cited Hofs De's theory of cultural variation. In 2009, Shen Jianlei have published Comparative Study on Views on Friendship between China and American detailedly describe differences of ways of treating friends, ways of keeping up friendship ,expectation for friends between Chinese and Americans. In 2010, famous writer Bi Shumin published essay the tree of friendship, the trustful fruits. Friendship has been described cultural objectives. The older the cultural objective is, the more precious the cultural objective is. Bi Shumin pointed that the core of friendship is in mutual appreciation and mutual hearkening. In 2011, Gao Fangqin have published Comparison of Views on Friendship between China and The United States and analyzed the difference form three aspects including range, time and responsibility. In 2012 , Yang Min have published views on friendship between china and the united states based on motto of making friends, and analyzed the differences of the definition for friends in two cultures, the time of maintaining friendship, the scope of making friendship, purpose of making friends, ways of building friends, expectation for friends. In 2013, Li Qingli has pointed out that the difference of treating friends, purpose of making friends and scope of making friends between China and The United States from a new angle. In 2014,Zhang Ting has published contrastive analysis of mode of friendship between China and The United States which revealed that analyzed the width and depth of making friends, time of sustaining friendship, classification of the friend, obligation and responsibility and so forth based on Diffusion Theory and Specificity Theory by comparison of friendship between collectivism and individualism under both of two cultures.