注意:
1. 短文开头已经给出,不计入总词数; 2. 词数:100左右
3. 参考词汇:生动的vivid;智慧intelligence作者高级词汇使用比较准确,文中有较多拼写错误;恰当的使用了过渡词和衔接词,衔接手法做的很棒;从句使用稍显不足,注意个别句子错误。
From a political standpoint john kingdom argue that most useful and popular accounts of policy process is provided by agendas, alternative and public policies and military strategies and natural assimilation lead to this situation.kingdon summarize the three processes or streams relate to in policy change. firstly, the problem stream includes the inconsistencies and potential problems that arise to the agenda,e.g.through changes in trend indicators or through dramatic events that bring the issue to public attention.only a limited number of issues or problems attract high attention and political attention.only a limited number of issues or problems attract high attention and political visibility.secondly,the policy stream incorporates the gradual accumulation of analytical and practical knowledge amongst experts,as well as a diverse range of passing fads and ideological nostrums.indeas are mobilized by policy entrepreneurs who may become advocates for specific solutions.the policy stream is a resources who may become advocates for specific solutions.the policy stream is a resources drawn upon by decision-makers and political leaders looking to solve problems.thirdly,the political process stream includes both stable and unpredictable elements,including the changing ‘national mood’diverse organized political forces,and changes in the political colour of successive administrations. Kingdon observes that these sepeates streams come together at ctitical times to provide a window of opportunity for policy change:windows are opened either by the appearances of compelling problems or by happenings in the political stream.Thus agendas are set by problems or politics,and alternatives are geerated in the policy stream.policy entrepreneurs…are responsible not only for promoting important people to pay attention,but also for coupling solutions to problems and for coupling both problems and solutions to politics.according to this persective,the probability of policy change is likely to be highest when all three streams are coupled.for example,the combination of a change in national mood and an election‘seems to create extremely powerful impacts on policy agendas,impacts on policy agendas,impacts capable of overwhelming the balance of organized forces.